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Journal of Economic Literature Classification (393)
- A - General Economics and Teaching (3)
  - A1 - General Economics (3)
    - A11 - Role of Economics; Role of Economists; Market for Economists (2)
    - A14 - Sociology of Economics (1)
- C - Mathematical and Quantitative Methods (99)
  - C1 - Econometric and Statistical Methods - General (29)
    - C10 - General (1)
    - C11 - Bayesian Analysis (2)
    - C12 - Hypothesis Testing (5)
    - C13 - Estimation (3)
    - C14 - Semiparametric and Nonparametric Methods (19)
    - C15 - Simulation Methods (1)
  - C2 - Single Equation Models; Single Variables (11)
    - C20 - General (1)
    - C21 - Cross-Sectional Models; Spatial Models; Treatment Effect Models; Quantile Regressions (1)
    - C22 - Time-Series Models (3)
    - C23 - Models with Panel Data (5)
  - C3 - Multiple or Simultaneous Equation Models (29)
    - C30 - General (6)
    - C31 - Cross-Sectional Models; Spatial Models; Treatment Effect Models; Quantile Regressions (7)
    - C32 - Time-Series Models (8)
    - C33 - Models with Panel Data (6)
    - C35 - Discrete Regression and Qualitative Choice Models; Discrete Regressors (3)
  - C4 - Econometric and Statistical Methods - Special Topics (4)
    - C41 - Duration Analysis (4)
  - C5 - Econometric Modeling (10)
    - C51 - Model Construction and Estimation (4)
    - C52 - Model Evaluation and Selection (4)
  - C6 - Mathematical Methods and Programming (12)
    - C61 - Optimization Techniques; Programming Models; Dynamic Analysis (10)
    - C62 - Existence and Stability Conditions of Equilibrium (2)
  - C7 - Game Theory and Bargaining Theory (26)
    - C70 - General (3)
    - C71 - Cooperative Games (5)
    - C72 - Noncooperative Games (11)
    - C73 - Stochastic and Dynamic Games; Evolutionary Games; Repeated Games (10)
    - C78 - Bargaining Theory; Matching Theory (3)
    - C79 - Other (1)
  - C8 - Data Collection and Data Estimation Methodology; Computer Programs (1)
    - C81 - Methodology for Collecting, Estimating, and Organizing Microeconomic Data (1)
  - C9 - Design of Experiments (9)
    - C91 - Laboratory, Individual Behavior (8)
    - C92 - Laboratory, Group Behavior (3)
- D - Microeconomics (187)
  - D0 - General (2)
    - D03 - Behavioral Economics; Underlying Principles (2)
  - D1 - Household Behavior and Family Economics (16)
    - D10 - General (1)
    - D11 - Consumer Economics - Theory (4)
    - D12 - Consumer Economics - Empirical Analysis (5)
    - D13 - Household Production and Intrahousehold Allocation (2)
    - D14 - Personal Finance (1)
  - D2 - Production and Organizations (11)
    - D21 - Firm Behavior (5)
    - D23 - Organizational Behavior; Transaction Costs; Property Rights (3)
    - D24 - Production; Cost; Capital and Total Factor Productivity; Capacity (2)
  - D3 - Distribution (2)
    - D31 - Personal Income, Wealth, and Their Distributions (2)
  - D4 - Market Structure and Pricing (33)
    - D40 - General (5)
    - D41 - Perfect Competition (1)
    - D42 - Monopoly (4)
    - D43 - Oligopoly and Other Forms of Market Imperfection (12)
    - D44 - Auctions (2)
  - D5 - General Equilibrium and Disequilibrium (5)
    - D51 - Exchange and Production Economies (4)
  - D6 - Welfare Economics (23)
    - D60 - General (3)
    - D61 - Allocative Efficiency; Cost-Benefit Analysis (5)
    - D62 - Externalities (8)
    - D63 - Equity, Justice, Inequality, and Other Normative Criteria and Measurement (6)
    - D64 - Altruism (2)
  - D7 - Analysis of Collective Decision-Making (47)
    - D70 - General (9)
    - D71 - Social Choice; Clubs; Committees; Associations (6)
    - D72 - Economic Models of Political Processes - Rent-Seeking, Elections, Legislatures, and Voting Behavior (18)
    - D73 - Bureaucracy; Administrative Processes in Public Organizations; Corruption (4)
    - D74 - Conflict; Conflict Resolution; Alliances (8)
    - D78 - Positive Analysis of Policy-Making and Implementation (1)
  - D8 - Information, Knowledge, and Uncertainty (86)
    - D80 - General (1)
    - D81 - Criteria for Decision-Making under Risk and Uncertainty (18)
    - D82 - Asymmetric and Private Information (47)
    - D83 - Search; Learning; Information and Knowledge; Communication; Belief (8)
    - D85 - Network Formation and Analysis - Theory (2)
    - D86 - Economics of Contract - Theory (10)
  - D9 - Intertemporal Choice and Growth (16)
    - D91 - Intertemporal Consumer Choice; Life Cycle Models and Saving (10)
    - D92 - Intertemporal Firm Choice and Growth, Investment, or Financing (4)
- E - Macroeconomics and Monetary Economics (47)
  - E1 - General Aggregative Models (1)
    - E13 - Neoclassical (1)
  - E2 - Consumption, Saving, Production, Employment, and Investment (5)
    - E21 - Macroeconomics - Consumption; Saving; Aggregate Physical and Financial Consumer Wealth (1)
    - E24 - Employment; Unemployment; Wages; Intergenerational Income Distribution; Aggregate Human Capital (2)
  - E3 - Prices, Business Fluctuations, and Cycles (25)
    - E31 - Price Level; Inflation; Deflation (7)
    - E32 - Business Fluctuations; Cycles (23)
  - E4 - Money and Interest Rates (13)
    - E40 - General (1)
    - E42 - Monetary Systems; Standards; Regimes; Government and the Monetary System (3)
    - E43 - Determination of Interest Rates; Term Structure of Interest Rates (2)
    - E44 - Financial Markets and the Macroeconomy (5)
  - E5 - Monetary Policy, Central Banking, and the Supply of Money and Credit (18)
    - E52 - Monetary Policy (Targets, Instruments, and Effects) (16)
  - E6 - Macroeconomic Policy Formation, Macroeconomic Aspects of Public Finance, Macroeconomic Policy, and General Outlook (7)
    - E62 - Fiscal Policy; Public Expenditures, Investment, and Finance; Taxation (3)
    - E63 - Comparative or Joint Analysis of Fiscal and Monetary Policy; Stabilization (1)
- F - International Economics (19)
  - F0 - General (1)
    - F02 - International Economic Order (1)
  - F1 - Trade (10)
    - F11 - Neoclassical Models of Trade (2)
    - F12 - Models of Trade with Imperfect Competition and Scale Economies (5)
    - F13 - Commercial Policy; Protection; Promotion; Trade Negotiations; International Trade Organizations (6)
    - F15 - Economic Integration (3)
    - F16 - Trade and Labor Market Interactions (2)
    - F18 - Trade and Environment (1)
  - F2 - International Factor Movements and International Business (2)
    - F23 - Multinational Firms; International Business (2)
  - F3 - International Finance (2)
    - F33 - International Monetary Arrangements and Institutions (1)
    - F34 - International Lending and Debt Problems (1)
    - F35 - Foreign Aid (1)
  - F4 - Macroeconomic Aspects of International Trade and Finance (4)
    - F41 - Open Economy Macroeconomics (4)
  - F5 - International Relations and International Political Economy (2)
    - F51 - International Conflicts; Negotiations; Sanctions (2)
- G - Financial Economics (57)
  - G1 - General Financial Markets (30)
    - G10 - General (1)
    - G11 - Portfolio Choice; Investment Decisions (11)
    - G12 - Asset Pricing; Trading volume; Bond Interest Rates (12)
    - G13 - Contingent Pricing; Futures Pricing (1)
    - G14 - Information and Market Efficiency; Event Studies (8)
    - G18 - Government Policy and Regulation (1)
  - G2 - Financial Institutions and Services (22)
    - G20 - General (2)
    - G21 - Banks; Other Depository Institutions; Micro Finance Institutions; Mortgages (5)
    - G22 - Insurance; Insurance Companies (5)
    - G24 - Investment Banking; Venture Capital; Brokerage; Ratings and Ratings Agencies (2)
    - G28 - Government Policy and Regulation (6)
    - G29 - Other (1)
  - G3 - Corporate Finance and Governance (17)
    - G30 - General (2)
    - G31 - Capital Budgeting; Fixed Investment and Inventory Studies (1)
    - G32 - Financing Policy; Financial Risk and Risk Management; Capital and Ownership Structure (3)
    - G33 - Bankruptcy; Liquidation (5)
    - G34 - Mergers; Acquisitions; Restructuring; Corporate Governance (3)
    - G35 - Payout Policy (3)
- H - Public Economics (66)
  - H1 - Structure and Scope of Government (6)
    - H11 - Structure, Scope, and Performance of Government (4)
    - H19 - Other (1)
  - H2 - Taxation, Subsidies, and Revenue (34)
    - H20 - General (8)
    - H21 - Efficiency; Optimal Taxation (6)
    - H23 - Externalities; Redistributive Effects; Environmental Taxes and Subsidies (14)
    - H24 - Personal Income and Other Nonbusiness Taxes and Subsidies (1)
    - H25 - Business Taxes and Subsidies (5)
    - H26 - Tax Evasion (4)
  - H3 - Fiscal Policies and Behavior of Economic Agents (6)
    - H31 - Household (1)
    - H32 - Firm (4)
  - H4 - Publicly Provided Goods (10)
    - H40 - General (2)
    - H41 - Public Goods (7)
    - H42 - Publicly Provided Private Goods (1)
  - H5 - National Government Expenditures and Related Policies (13)
    - H54 - Infrastructures; Other Public Investment and Capital Stock (2)
    - H55 - Social Security and Public Pensions (7)
    - H56 - National Security and War (1)
    - H57 - Procurement (2)
  - H6 - National Budget, Deficit, and Debt (6)
    - H60 - General (4)
  - H7 - State and Local Government; Intergovernmental Relations (12)
    - H70 - General (2)
    - H73 - Interjurisdictional Differentials and Their Effects (8)
    - H77 - Intergovernmental Relations; Federalism; Secession (1)
  - H8 - Miscellaneous Issues (3)
    - H81 - Governmental Loans, Loan Guarantees, and Credits (2)
    - H82 - Governmental Property (1)
- I - Health, Education, and Welfare (23)
  - I1 - Health (16)
    - I10 - General (1)
    - I11 - Analysis of Health Care Markets (3)
    - I12 - Health Production - Nutrition, Mortality, Morbidity, Suicide, Substance Abuse and Addiction, Disability, and Economic Behavior (1)
    - I18 - Government Policy; Regulation; Public Health (11)
  - I2 - Education (4)
    - I21 - Analysis of Education (2)
    - I23 - Higher Education Research Institutions (1)
  - I3 - Welfare and Poverty (3)
    - I31 - General Welfare; Basic Needs; Living Standards; Quality of Life; Happiness (2)
    - I38 - Government Policy; Provision and Effects of Welfare Programs (1)
- J - Labor and Demographic Economics (18)
  - J1 - Demographic Economics (5)
    - J12 - Marriage; Marital Dissolution; Family Structure (1)
    - J13 - Fertility; Family Planning; Child Care; Children; Youth (1)
    - J16 - Economics of Gender; Non-labor Discrimination (2)
  - J2 - Time Allocation, Work Behavior, and Employment Determination and Creation; Human Capital; Retirement (2)
    - J24 - Human Capital; Skills; Occupational Choice; Labor Productivity (2)
  - J3 - Wages, Compensation, and Labor Costs (7)
    - J30 - General (1)
    - J31 - Wage Level and Structure; Wage Differentials by Skill, Training, Occupation, etc. (4)
    - J32 - Nonwage Labor Costs and Benefits; Private Pensions (1)
    - J33 - Compensation Packages; Payment Methods (3)
    - J38 - Public Policy (1)
  - J5 - Labor-Management Relations, Trade Unions, and Collective Bargaining (1)
    - J51 - Trade Unions - Objectives, Structure, and Effects (1)
  - J6 - Mobility, Unemployment, and Vacancies (8)
    - J61 - Geographic Labor Mobility; Immigrant Workers (2)
    - J62 - Job, Occupational, and Intergenerational Mobility (1)
    - J64 - Unemployment - Models, Duration, Incidence, and Job Search (2)
    - J65 - Unemployment Insurance; Severance Pay; Plant Closings (3)
  - J7 - Labor Discrimination (1)
    - J71 - Discrimination (1)
- K - Law and Economics (17)
  - K1 - Basic Areas of Law (2)
    - K13 - Tort Law and Product Liability (2)
  - K2 - Regulation and Business Law (12)
    - K21 - Antitrust Law (9)
    - K22 - Corporation and Securities Law (2)
    - K23 - Regulated Industries and Administrative Law (1)
  - K3 - Other Substantive Areas of Law (4)
    - K32 - Environmental, Health, and Safety Law (4)
  - K4 - Legal Procedure, the Legal System, and Illegal Behavior (1)
    - K41 - Litigation Process (1)
    - K42 - Illegal Behavior and the Enforcement of Law (1)
- L - Industrial Organization (119)
  - L1 - Market Structure, Firm Strategy, and Market Performance (61)
    - L10 - General (1)
    - L11 - Production, Pricing, and Market Structure; Size Distribution of Firms (14)
    - L12 - Monopoly; Monopolization Strategies (5)
    - L13 - Oligopoly and Other Imperfect Markets (33)
    - L14 - Transactional Relationships; Contracts and Reputation; Networks (9)
    - L15 - Information and Product Quality; Standardization and Compatibility (9)
    - L16 - Industrial Organization and Macroeconomics - Industrial Structure and Structural Change; Industrial Price Indices (1)
  - L2 - Firm Objectives, Organization, and Behavior (17)
    - L20 - General (3)
    - L22 - Firm Organization and Market Structure - Markets vs. Hierarchies; Vertical Integration; Conglomerates; Subsidiaries (8)
    - L24 - Contracting Out; Joint Ventures; Technology Licensing (2)
  - L3 - Nonprofit Organizations and Public Enterprise (13)
    - L31 - Nonprofit Institutions; NGOs (2)
    - L32 - Public Enterprises (2)
    - L33 - Comparison of Public and Private Enterprises; Privatization; Contracting Out (8)
    - L38 - Public Policy (1)
  - L4 - Antitrust Issues and Policies (25)
    - L40 - General (2)
    - L41 - Monopolization; Horizontal Anticompetitive Practices (11)
    - L42 - Vertical Restraints; Resale Price Maintenance; Quantity Discounts (8)
    - L43 - Legal Monopolies and Regulation or Deregulation (2)
  - L5 - Regulation and Industrial Policy (37)
    - L51 - Economics of Regulation (31)
    - L52 - Industrial Policy; Sectoral Planning Methods (1)
    - L59 - Other (1)
  - L6 - Industry Studies - Manufacturing (6)
    - L63 - Microelectronics; Computers; Communications Equipment (1)
    - L65 - Chemicals; Rubber; Drugs; Biotechnology (2)
    - L66 - Food; Beverages; Cosmetics; Tobacco (3)
  - L8 - Industry Studies - Services (25)
    - L81 - Retail and Wholesale Trade; Warehousing; e-Commerce (10)
    - L82 - Entertainment; Media (Performing Arts, Visual Arts, Broadcasting, Publishing, etc.) (11)
    - L83 - Sports; Gambling; Recreation; Tourism (1)
    - L87 - Postal and Delivery Services (2)
  - L9 - Industry Studies - Transportation and Utilities (24)
    - L91 - Transportation - General (2)
    - L92 - Railroads and Other Surface Transportation - Autos, Buses, Trucks, and Water Carriers; Ports (4)
    - L93 - Air Transportation (3)
    - L94 - Electric Utilities (3)
    - L95 - Gas Utilities; Pipelines; Water Utilities (4)
    - L96 - Telecommunications (6)
    - L97 - Utilities - General (1)
    - L98 - Government Policy (5)
- M - Business Administration and Business Economics; Marketing; Accounting (4)
  - M1 - Business Administration (2)
    - M12 - Personnel Management (2)
  - M3 - Marketing and Advertising (1)
    - M37 - Advertising (1)
  - M5 - Personnel Economics (1)
    - M52 - Compensation and Compensation Methods and Their Effects (stock options, fringe benefits, incentives, family support programs, seniority issues) (1)
    - M54 - Labor Management (team formation, worker empowerment, job design, tasks and authority, work arrangemetns, job satisfaction) (1)
- N - Economic History (2)
  - N30 - General, International, or Comparative (1)
  - N4 - Government, War, Law, and Regulation (1)
    - N40 - General, International, or Comparative (1)
  - N5 - Agriculture, Natural Resources, Environment, and Extractive Industries (1)
    - N57 - Africa; Oceania (1)
- O - Economic Development, Technological Change, and Growth (36)
  - O1 - Economic Development (11)
    - O11 - Macroeconomic Analyses of Economic Development (1)
    - O12 - Microeconomic Analyses of Economic Development (4)
    - O13 - Agriculture; Natural Resources; Energy; Environment; Other Primary Products (1)
    - O15 - Human Resources; Human Development; Income Distribution; Migration (3)
    - O16 - Economic Development - Financial Markets; Saving and Capital Investment; Corporate Finance and Governance (3)
    - O17 - Formal and Informal Sectors; Shadow Economy; Institutional Arrangements - Legal, Social, Economic, and Political (1)
    - O19 - International Linkages to Development; Role of International Organizations (2)
  - O2 - Development Planning and Policy (1)
    - O21 - Planning Models; Planning Policy (1)
    - O22 - Project Analysis (1)
  - O3 - Technological Change; Research and Development (20)
    - O30 - General (2)
    - O31 - Innovation and Invention - Processes and Incentives (6)
    - O32 - Management of Technological Innovation and R&D (5)
    - O33 - Technological Change - Choices and Consequences; Diffusion Processes (3)
    - O34 - Intellectual Property Rights - National and International Issues (4)
    - O39 - Other (1)
  - O4 - Economic Growth and Aggregate Productivity (11)
    - O40 - General (1)
    - O41 - One, Two, and Multisector Growth Models (8)
  - O5 - Economywide Country Studies (3)
    - O50 - General (1)
    - O55 - Africa (1)
- P - Economic Systems (4)
  - P0 - General (1)
    - P00 - General (1)
  - P1 - Capitalist Systems (2)
    - P16 - Political Economy (2)
  - P4 - Other Economic Systems (1)
    - P48 - Political Economy; Legal Institutions; Property Rights (1)
- Q - Agricultural and Natural Resource Economics; Environmental and Ecological Economics (58)
  - Q0 - General (1)
    - Q01 - Sustainable Development (1)
  - Q1 - Agriculture (25)
    - Q10 - General (1)
    - Q11 - Aggregate Supply and Demand Analysis; Prices (2)
    - Q12 - Micro Analysis of Farm Firms, Farm Households, and Farm Input Markets (9)
    - Q13 - Agricultural Markets and Marketing; Cooperatives; Agribusiness (6)
    - Q15 - Land Ownership and Tenure; Land Reform; Land Use; Irrigation (3)
    - Q17 - Agriculture in International Trade (1)
    - Q18 - Agricultural Policy; Food Policy (5)
  - Q2 - Renewable Resources and Conservation (16)
    - Q20 - General (3)
    - Q23 - Forestry (3)
    - Q24 - Land (3)
    - Q25 - Water (4)
    - Q27 - Renewable Resources and Conservation - Issues in International Trade (1)
    - Q28 - Government Policy (5)
  - Q3 - Nonrenewable Resources and Conservation (16)
    - Q31 - Demand and Supply (1)
    - Q32 - Exhaustible Resources and Economic Development (13)
    - Q38 - Government Policy (1)
  - Q4 - Energy (14)
    - Q41 - Demand and Supply (8)
    - Q42 - Alternative Energy Sources (8)
    - Q43 - Energy and the Macroeconomy (2)
    - Q48 - Government Policy (3)
  - Q5 - Environmental Economics (16)
    - Q50 - General (2)
    - Q51 - Valuation of Environmental Effects (2)
    - Q52 - Pollution Control Adoption Costs; Distributional Effects; Employment Effects (2)
    - Q54 - Climate; Natural Disasters (8)
    - Q55 - Technological Innovation (1)
    - Q58 - Government Policy (2)
- R - Urban, Rural, and Regional Economics (7)
  - R1 - General Regional Economics (1)
    - R13 - General Equilibrium and Welfare Economic Analysis of Regional Economies (1)
  - R2 - Household Analysis (4)
    - R23 - Regional Migration; Regional Labor Markets; Population; Neighborhood Characteristics (4)
  - R3 - Production Analysis and Firm Location (3)
    - R38 - Government Policies; Regulatory Policies (3)
- Z - Other Special Topics (7)
  - Z1 - Cultural Economics; Economic Sociology; Economic Anthropology (7)
    - Z13 - Economic Sociology; Economic Anthropology (5)